Theme Of Literary Devices In Harrison Bergeron - 1116 Words

ESSAY TITLE Literary devices will be a primary source used to compare and contrast the narrative and stylistic choices made in the short story, â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† by Kurt Vonnegut, and the film 2081 directed by Chandler Tuttle. In the film the director is able to express visuals, sounds, and physical characters, to establish a firm idea of how the characters within the story act and feel based on their surroundings and what is happening around them. However, an Author in a short story is reliant on his words alone to paint the picture for the reader to understand the movement of the plot and its impact on the atmosphere. The literary devices used in creating and shaping pieces of literature will heavily impact the point of view of the†¦show more content†¦The muddled and messy sounds from the violinist escalated to a strong and beautiful melody, in sync with the tension built in the story. The effect of sound and tune on character emotion within the film compli mented the drastic advance of excitement and tension throughout the dance from Harrison and his partner on stage. Not only was it the sound of the radio handicaps that affected the build of tension, but it was also a compilation of background noises which influenced the direction of the readers attention at key moments throughout the film. During the brief cuts to Hazel Bergeron washing the dishes the sound created by the running water drowned out the news reporter and the entire clip of Harrisons display on stage. Hazel was oblivious to the situation presented, thus demonstrating her lack of awareness throughout the entire film. The audiences interpretation of visuals presented in the story will impact the flow of tension, and it affects where viewers make their connections to characters. The two stories have differing points of tension due to visuals created in the readers mind, and appearances for the viewers. In the short story there is more of a comical approach with the imagery used. The insincere mood was specifically touched upon when the ballet switched to a news broadcast and there was no mentionShow MoreRelatedEquality And Diversity In Kurt Vonneguts Harrison Bergeron1263 Words   |  6 Pagesequality? Kurt Vonnegut’s â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† answers that question with a solid no, we should not. Through his comical and sarcastic tone, many forms of irony, and absurd hyperboles, Vonnegut supports his work as a satire that both critically analyses and mocks the idea of total equality; Overall, emphasising the idea that society should strive for equality of justice, liberty, and rights , but not of things like the attributes that make us individuals. In â€Å"Harrison Bergeron,† sarcasm is expressedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Harrison Bergeron 955 Words   |  4 Pagespersonalizing the experience. As shown in The Top 20 Literary Quotes About Short Stories, author Lorrie Moore aptly remarked, â€Å"A short story is a love affair, a novel is a marriage. A short story is a photograph, a novel is a film.† In the present day world, it has become common for people to strive for equality; however, this could be harmful if taken too far. There would be nothing to make anyone unique, dulling the world of all its wonder. In â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† by Kurt Vonnegut, the year is 2081, and everyoneRead MoreTotalitarianism in Orwells Mind Essay1053 Words   |  5 Pagestheir leader. They rule the farm with an iron fist, utilizing the fact that the other farm animals are far less intelligent than them. â€Å"Harrison Bergeron†, a short story created by author Kurt Vonnegut, is about the United States in th e 2080s, where people are equal due to devices that handicap their strengths. The dynamic, god-like character, Harrison Bergeron, is able to break free from his handicaps, but in the end is killed by an executive within the US Government. The authors of these novels

Film Festival At Antelope Valley College - 3497 Words

Title Undetermined When taking a look at the extensive list of films I decided to pick and choose from a date range and genre range. I wanted to not only focus on one area of film, but also on different aspects across the board stylistically and †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Some of the films I chose because they were tried and true favourites of mine, and some I chose because I had never heard of them before. I wanted to comfort and challenge myself at the same time while taking into consideration what may work best for the theoretical Film Festival at Antelope Valley College. When I think of Film Festivals I think of a presentation to help entice the psyche toward a more progressive thought process. Films need to make the audience stop and think for a little bit afterward, there needs to be a pause, a moment of â€Å"huh†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , even if brief. It needs to be something different, something unusual. Film Festivals shouldn’t be for standard films, they shouldn’t be for the mass marketed and well known. So as much as I loved, Star Wars for example, I knew it was less than ideal for this situation. This assignment also gave me the opportunity to reassess the validity of some films that I thought I had liked but upon second analysis, might not hold in such high regard. In the end the films I chose are Juno, High Noon, The King’s Speech, Exit Through the Gift Shop, Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, and Apocalypse Now. The Lancaster and the Antelope Valley area in generalShow MoreRelatedIndi The Civilization Of India2271 Words   |  10 Pagesdifficult than to be indifferent to India would be to describe or understand India completely. I chose to do this country because I have always been intrigued by its beauty and people. The Indus valley civilization saw it as a holy land now known as India around 2500 BC. The people inhabiting the Indus River valley were thought to be Dravidians, whose descendants later migrated to the south of India. The second millennium BC was witness to the migration of the Aryan tribes from the North West frontier

Coffee Prices free essay sample

Perfect competition in any competitive market supposed to be perfect in every respect. Perfect knowledge on the part of the buyers and sellers about market conditions must be meet, perfect mobility of the factors of production, and proximity to the market. Along with the perfect competition to have a perfectly competitive market, one must have pure competition. The market is said to be pure when, there is a large number of buyers and sellers, goods produced and sold are homogeneous, and there is Free Entry or Exit for any producer or seller. (Pink Monkey. Com) Because not all six conditions were satisfied, the coffee market is not a perfectly competitive market given the fact that the major industry leaders in the market are not price takers but rather price makers. When market conditions are perfectly understood there is no chance of a higher price being charged or paid. Price takers have to accept the market price as given. We will write a custom essay sample on Coffee Prices or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Pink Monkey. Com) Perfect knowledge on the part of the buyers and sellers about market conditions is the factor that wasn’t satisfied to make the coffee a perfectly competitive market. Because the supply and demand of the world is so uneven, with millions of small scale growers or producers of coffee beans, the market lies with the coffee roasting companies who buy the raw coffee beans and produce them into coffee based products. In the argument by Starbuck’s that paying higher coffee prices will increase demand and will ultimately increase the glut is not true. When buyers have power over the market price the purchasing power over coffee growers can force down the price that farmers receive for their products. If big players such as Starbucks started to pay higher prices for coffee beans, they would in turn pass the increase in price to their customers, driving the demand down and the surplus even higher. Because both the monopolistic competitor and the perfect competitor make zero economic profit in the long run, yes the coffee market is operating at zero economic profit. Because of the chronic coffee surplus that the millions of small scale growers are producing and given the ability of farmers to enter or exit the market, there was an increase in the number of farmers entering the market.

Three Plans For Reconstruction Essay Example For Students

Three Plans For Reconstruction Essay Analysis of the Three Plans For Reconstruction Essay The American Civil War, lasting from 1861-1865, was the most severe military conflict the country had seen; it involved the United States of America (the Union), and eleven secessionist Southern states (the Confederate States of America). The war was the upshot of decades worth of political, social, and economic conflict between the agricultural South, which produced mainly cash crops such as cotton, tobacco, and sugarcane, and the industrial North. The South depended on its four million slaves for its social and economic livelihood, whereas the North despised slavery as immoral and illegal. Even before General Lees surrender in 1865, the federal government was confronted with an acute dilemma, how to reunite the country. First Lincoln, then Johnson, and lastly Congress, imposed their ideas of how best to restore the Union, that is to say properly execute the task of Reconstruction. We will write a custom essay on Three Plans For Reconstruction specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Reconstruction was initiated by incumbant President Abraham Lincoln before the war ended. On December 8, 1963, Lincoln revealed his rather extremely lenient Reconstruction plan. He proposed to grant a pardon to any confederate (excluding high-ranking officials), who would swear their allegence to the Union and accept the end of slavery. If ten percent of the 1860 voting population had taken the oath, that state would hold a constitutional convention. If the delegates had written a state constitution endorsing the 13th Amendment, that state could be re-admitted to the Union. Andrew Johnson, President Lincolns Vice President, and successor after his assasination in April of 1865, unveiled his own Reconstruction plan on May 29 of the same year. Johnsons plan, which closely resembled Lincolns, said the President would appoint a governor to each state (after ten percent of the 1860 population took the oath Lincoln had prescribed in 1863), who would convene a constitutional convention. At this convention, the state had to write a new constitution, void secession, abolish slavery, ratify the 13th Amendment, and stop the payment of war debts. If given a pardon by the President, former Confederate officers and persons owning land worth over $20,000, could vote. Johnson felt that under his plan, Reconstruction would take a few months; in fact, the belief that his plan was too lenient towards the South he granted 13,000 pardons in 1865 to former Confederates seemed to make the idea of a swift Reconstruction at best, improbable. However, the Black Codes imposed by the Southern State governments, as well as the stiff resistance to Reconstruction, infuriated the North. The Black Codes aimed to stifle former slaves freedom by hinderin g their economic options through debt peonage, sharecropping, tenant farming, vagrancy laws, and curfews; in a phrase, slavery by another name. Congress decided to punish the South for their continuous resistance to Reconstruction by scrapping Johnsons failing plan, and establishing Congressional Reconstruction. Congressional Reconstruction was by far the most vindictive, and therefore most loathsome to the South. Over the course of ten years, Congress passed the 13th Amendment (abolishing slavery), and established the Freedmens Bureau in March of 1865 (providing food, medical aid, and education to freed people). It passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 (granting citizenship to blacks, and authorizing the federal government to protect their rights), the 14th Amendment ratified in 1868 (solidifying the Civil Rights Act by defining citizenship and guaranteeing equal protection under the law), and the Reconstruction Acts in 1867. The Reconstruction Acts established Radical Reconstruction, namely by dividing the South (excluding Tennessee) into five military districts, headed by northern generals. Once fifty-one percent of the vot ing population had taken an oath to the constitution, all qualified voters (including blacks) could elect delegates to the constitutional convention. .ubec0333bd9978699a51eebb0e0689865 , .ubec0333bd9978699a51eebb0e0689865 .postImageUrl , .ubec0333bd9978699a51eebb0e0689865 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubec0333bd9978699a51eebb0e0689865 , .ubec0333bd9978699a51eebb0e0689865:hover , .ubec0333bd9978699a51eebb0e0689865:visited , .ubec0333bd9978699a51eebb0e0689865:active { border:0!important; } .ubec0333bd9978699a51eebb0e0689865 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubec0333bd9978699a51eebb0e0689865 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubec0333bd9978699a51eebb0e0689865:active , .ubec0333bd9978699a51eebb0e0689865:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubec0333bd9978699a51eebb0e0689865 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubec0333bd9978699a51eebb0e0689865 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubec0333bd9978699a51eebb0e0689865 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubec0333bd9978699a51eebb0e0689865 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubec0333bd9978699a51eebb0e0689865:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubec0333bd9978699a51eebb0e0689865 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubec0333bd9978699a51eebb0e0689865 .ubec0333bd9978699a51eebb0e0689865-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubec0333bd9978699a51eebb0e0689865:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Behind the Mind of a Serial Killer Essay Congress continued to use its momentum to further punish the South by ratifying the 15th Amendment in 1870 (determining that voting rights would no longer be denied due to race), passing the Klu Klux Klan Acts of 1871 (outlawing organizations that deny blacks their rights), and lastly, passing the Civil Rights Act of 1875 (protecting blacks rights in public places). The political, economic, and social effects of the three Reconstruction plans differed exponentially. Lincolns plan was the most lenient, and therefore feasable of the three (to the South), despite the Republican pressure for more severe terms. . Three Plans For Reconstruction Essay Example For Students Three Plans For Reconstruction Essay Analysis of the Three Plans For Reconstruction Essay The American Civil War, lasting from 1861-1865, was the most severe military conflict the country had seen; it involved the United States of America (the Union), and eleven secessionist Southern states (the Confederate States of America). The war was the upshot of decades worth of political, social, and economic conflict between the agricultural South, which produced mainly cash crops such as cotton, tobacco, and sugarcane, and the industrial North. The South depended on its four million slaves for its social and economic livelihood, whereas the North despised slavery as immoral and illegal. Even before General Lees surrender in 1865, the federal government was confronted with an acute dilemma, how to reunite the country. First Lincoln, then Johnson, and lastly Congress, imposed their ideas of how best to restore the Union, that is to say properly execute the task of Reconstruction. We will write a custom essay on Three Plans For Reconstruction specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Reconstruction was initiated by incumbant President Abraham Lincoln before the war ended. On December 8, 1963, Lincoln revealed his rather extremely lenient Reconstruction plan. He proposed to grant a pardon to any confederate (excluding high-ranking officials), who would swear their allegence to the Union and accept the end of slavery. If ten percent of the 1860 voting population had taken the oath, that state would hold a constitutional convention. If the delegates had written a state constitution endorsing the 13th Amendment, that state could be re-admitted to the Union. Andrew Johnson, President Lincolns Vice President, and successor after his assasination in April of 1865, unveiled his own Reconstruction plan on May 29 of the same year. Johnsons plan, which closely resembled Lincolns, said the President would appoint a governor to each state (after ten percent of the 1860 population took the oath Lincoln had prescribed in 1863), who would convene a constitutional convention. At this convention, the state had to write a new constitution, void secession, abolish slavery, ratify the 13th Amendment, and stop the payment of war debts. If given a pardon by the President, former Confederate officers and persons owning land worth over $20,000, could vote. Johnson felt that under his plan, Reconstruction would take a few months; in fact, the belief that his plan was too lenient towards the South he granted 13,000 pardons in 1865 to former Confederates seemed to make the idea of a swift Reconstruction at best, improbable. However, the Black Codes imposed by the Southern State governments, as well as the stiff resistance to Reconstruction, infuriated the North. The Black Codes aimed to stifle former slaves freedom by hinderin g their economic options through debt peonage, sharecropping, tenant farming, vagrancy laws, and curfews; in a phrase, slavery by another name. Congress decided to punish the South for their continuous resistance to Reconstruction by scrapping Johnsons failing plan, and establishing Congressional Reconstruction. Congressional Reconstruction was by far the most vindictive, and therefore most loathsome to the South. Over the course of ten years, Congress passed the 13th Amendment (abolishing slavery), and established the Freedmens Bureau in March of 1865 (providing food, medical aid, and education to freed people). It passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 (granting citizenship to blacks, and authorizing the federal government to protect their rights), the 14th Amendment ratified in 1868 (solidifying the Civil Rights Act by defining citizenship and guaranteeing equal protection under the law), and the Reconstruction Acts in 1867. The Reconstruction Acts established Radical Reconstruction, namely by dividing the South (excluding Tennessee) into five military districts, headed by northern generals. Once fifty-one percent of the vot ing population had taken an oath to the constitution, all qualified voters (including blacks) could elect delegates to the constitutional convention. .u4db2f3c1a13bbd9cf07537e62a7757da , .u4db2f3c1a13bbd9cf07537e62a7757da .postImageUrl , .u4db2f3c1a13bbd9cf07537e62a7757da .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4db2f3c1a13bbd9cf07537e62a7757da , .u4db2f3c1a13bbd9cf07537e62a7757da:hover , .u4db2f3c1a13bbd9cf07537e62a7757da:visited , .u4db2f3c1a13bbd9cf07537e62a7757da:active { border:0!important; } .u4db2f3c1a13bbd9cf07537e62a7757da .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4db2f3c1a13bbd9cf07537e62a7757da { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4db2f3c1a13bbd9cf07537e62a7757da:active , .u4db2f3c1a13bbd9cf07537e62a7757da:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4db2f3c1a13bbd9cf07537e62a7757da .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4db2f3c1a13bbd9cf07537e62a7757da .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4db2f3c1a13bbd9cf07537e62a7757da .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4db2f3c1a13bbd9cf07537e62a7757da .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4db2f3c1a13bbd9cf07537e62a7757da:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4db2f3c1a13bbd9cf07537e62a7757da .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4db2f3c1a13bbd9cf07537e62a7757da .u4db2f3c1a13bbd9cf07537e62a7757da-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4db2f3c1a13bbd9cf07537e62a7757da:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Siddhartha Enlightenment Essay Congress continued to use its momentum to further punish the South by ratifying the 15th Amendment in 1870 (determining that voting rights would no longer be denied due to race), passing the Klu Klux Klan Acts of 1871 (outlawing organizations that deny blacks their rights), and lastly, passing the Civil Rights Act of 1875 (protecting blacks rights in public places). The political, economic, and social effects of the three Reconstruction plans differed exponentially. Lincolns plan was the most lenient, and therefore feasable of the three (to the South), despite the Republican pressure for more severe terms. .

PCs are Better than Macs for Home Users essays

PCs are Better than Macs for Home Users essays For years, Macs and PCs have been competing for home users. Apple has recently released the new iMac, and the notebook version of the iMac the iBook. Even though several years ago, Macs were better than PCs, now, PCs are better than Macs for home users in terms of performance and expansion options. To some consumers, performance is often the most important factor in buying a computer. Performance doesnt necessarily mean how well the computer performs potentially, but only on specific tasks. Both iBook and iMac are designed for home users, most of whom neither care about number of floating-point operations per second, nor know what it means. Very few home users will pay $500 for Photoshop 5.0 to edit photos on their PC. The more likely uses for home computers are: word processing, browsing the Internet, and 3-D gaming. Since the most popular word processor is developed by Microsoft and allegedly optimized for Windows, it would be unfair to compare the Mac version of MS Word with the Windows version. However, comparing the performance in 3-D games and the Internet is fair. Even though PC Magazine specializes in PCs, it reviewed the iBook as soon as it came out. The article focused on performance of the iBook and compared it to a similar IBM-compatible notebook. Since there are no new IBM-compatible notebooks that match iBooks specifications, PC Magazine decided to use the notebook they believed to be closest to iBook the IBM ThinkPad iSeries 1480. They have very few similarities: the both notebooks are available in different colors, and neither notebook has the fastest processor from its platform. Apple claims that its notebooks are up to twice as fast as comparable Microsoft Windows-based portables (qtd. in Hill 53). This statement is very vague it doesnt say how they compared the portables, and what Apple meant by comparable. Since similar statements have been ma...

The Troubled Succession of Charles V of Spain

The Troubled Succession of Charles V of Spain By the time he was 20, in 1520, Charles V ruled the largest collection of European land since Charlemagne over 700 years earlier. Charles was Duke of Burgundy, King of the Spanish Empire and the Habsburg territories, which included Austria and Hungary, as well as Holy Roman Emperor; he continued to acquire more land throughout his life. Problematically for Charles, but interestingly for historians, he acquired these lands piecemeal - there was no one single inheritance - and many of the territories were independent countries with their own systems of government and little common interest. This empire, or monarchia, may have brought Charles power, but it also caused him great problems. The Succession to Spain Charles inherited the Spanish Empire in 1516; this included peninsular Spain, Naples, several islands in the Mediterranean and large tracts of America. Although Charles had a clear right to inherit, the manner in which he did so caused upset: in 1516 Charles became regent of the Spanish Empire on his mentally ill mother’s behalf. Just a few months later, with his mother still alive, Charles declared himself king. Charles Causes Problems The manner of Charles’ rise to the throne caused upset, with some Spaniards wishing for his mother to remain in power; others supported Charles’ infant brother as heir. On the other hand, there were many who flocked to the court of the new king. Charles caused more problems in the manner in which he initially governed the kingdom: some feared he was inexperienced, and some Spaniards feared Charles would focus on his other lands, such as those he stood to inherit from Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian. These fears were exacerbated by the time it took Charles to put aside his other business and travel to Spain for the very first time: eighteen months. Charles caused other, much more tangible, problems when he arrived in 1517. He promised a gathering of towns called the Cortes that he wouldn’t appoint foreigners to important positions; he then issued letters naturalizing certain foreigners and appointed them to important positions. Furthermore, having been granted a large subsidy to the crown by the Cortes of Castile in 1517, Charles broke with tradition and asked for another large payment while the first was being paid. He’d so far spent little time in Castile and the money was to finance his claim to the Holy Roman throne, a foreign adventure feared by Castilians. This, and his weakness when it came to resolving internal conflicts between the towns and nobles, caused great upset. The Revolt of the Comuneros 1520-1 During the years 1520 - 21, Spain experienced a major rebellion within its Castilian kingdom, an uprising that has been described as the largest urban revolt in early modern Europe. (Bonney, The European Dynastic States, Longman, 1991, p. 414) Although certainly true, this statement obscures a later, but still significant, rural component. There is still debate on how close the revolt came to succeeding, but this rebellion of Castilian towns - who formed their own local councils, or communes - included a true mix of contemporary mismanagement, historical rivalry, and political self-interest. Charles wasn’t completely to blame, as pressure had grown over the last half-century when towns felt themselves increasingly losing power versus the nobility and the crown. The Rise of the Holy League Riots against Charles had begun before he had even left Spain in 1520, and as the riots spread, towns began rejecting his government and forming their own: councils called comuneros. In June 1520, as nobles remained quiet, hoping to profit from the chaos, the comuneros met and formed themselves together in the Santa Junta (Holy League). Charles’ regent sent an army to deal with the rebellion, but this lost the propaganda war when it started a fire that gutted Medina del Campo. More towns then joined the Santa Junta. As the rebellion spread in the north of Spain, the Santa Junta initially tried to get Charles V’s mother, the old queen, on their  side for support. When this failed, the Santa Junta sent a list of demands to Charles, a list intended to keep him king and moderate his actions and make him more Spanish. The demands included Charles returning to Spain and giving the Cortes a much greater role in government. Rural Rebellion and Failure As the rebellion grew larger, cracks appeared in the alliance of towns as each had their own agenda. The pressure of supplying troops also began to tell. The rebellion spread into the countryside, where people directed their violence against the nobility as well as the king. This was a mistake, as the nobles who had been content to let the revolt carry on now reacted against the new threat. It was the nobles who exploited Charles to negotiate a  settlement and a noble led army which crushed the comuneros  in battle. The revolt was effectively over after the Santa Junta was defeated in battle at Villalar in April 1521, although pockets remained until early 1522. The reaction of Charles wasn’t harsh given the standards of the day, and the towns kept many of their privileges.  However, the Cortes was never to gain any further power and became a glorified bank for the king. The Germania Charles faced another rebellion which occurred at the same time as the Comunero Revolt, in a smaller and less financially important region of Spain. This was the Germania, born out of a militia created to fight Barbary pirates, a council which wanted to create a Venice like city-state, and class anger as much as a dislike of Charles. The rebellion was crushed by the nobility without much crown help. 1522: Charles Returns Charles returned to Spain in 1522 to find royal power restored. Over the next few  years, he worked to change the relationship between himself and the Spaniards, learning Castilian, marrying an Iberian woman and calling Spain the heart of his empire. The towns were bowed and could be reminded of what they had done if ever they opposed Charles, and the nobles had fought their way to a closer relationship with him.

Online multimedia cannot compete against the traditional CD multimedia Essay

Online multimedia cannot compete against the traditional CD multimedia systems.IN REPORT FORMAT - Essay Example Here I will show how the traditional CD technology was better as compared to new online multimedia technology. The term media is employed in difference to media which simply make use of conventional types of hand-produced or printed material. Multimedia comprises a mixture of animation, video, audio, interactivity, still images and text content types (Kenneth, 1998). Multimedia is an elderly notion that has been specified fresh meaning by the computer industry in the course of their hard work to make multimedia compatible computing platforms. If we define Multimedia in the scholarly sense then it will be called as the â€Å"interactive dramatization of information†. Multimedia technology employs the computer to unite animation, text, audio, and graphics and complete motion video in the user control. However mixture of these functions have been obtainable for several years, it has been hard to merge them so that the non-technical consumer is able to control them and thus produce documents or functions that add in all these features. Usually, putting collectively such arrangement necessitates the abilities of a computer programmer or an information technology professional. In the pervious few years there has been infrequent employ made of multimedia resources together in academia and in business, however this has been mainly driven by exper t persons working ad hoc and in separation. Multimedia is generally played and recorded, accessed or displayed by information processing multimedia devices, like that a computerized or an electronic device, however it can be a fraction of a live multimedia performance (Parker et al, 1996). This section presents the evolution of the multimedia technology from its origin to present online multimedia technology. In the year 1965 the expression Multimedia was employed to explain the â€Å"Exploding Plastic Inevitable†, a performance that combined live cinema, experimental

That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded Essay

That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded tomorrow. Consider knowledge issues raised by this statem - Essay Example Back in 1917, Albert Einstein is seen to have introduced a theory in which he proposed that the universe was essentially static in nature. This theory was taken seriously by most astronomers and various scientists and upheld as being the acceptable knowledge. However, this theory has recently been proven to be entirely wrong and a new theory has been developed alluding to the fact that the universe is not static in nature. Throughout human history, development and civilization, this has generally been the trend, as the development of new knowledge is seen to constantly cause the old accepted knowledge to be discarded. This however begs the question of does new knowledge always happen to cause the older knowledge to be discarded? Does the development of new knowledge automatically cause the older knowledge to be considered as being useless? Human beings are generally able to gain knowledge by the use of various means such as the use of sense perception, language, reason and emotion. T he gaining of new information in human beings is often seen to be so automatic that it is largely considered to be quite difficult for someone to be able to stop this process. It is by the acquisition of this new knowledge that humans resort to discarding the old knowledge in favor of the new knowledge that they happen to have gained (International Baccalaureate Organization 13-20). The incessant thirst and quest by man to gain new knowledge is seen to lend claim to the postulation that no system is ever completely understood, no picture is ever complete and there is no explanation that is ever sufficiently finalized. This fact is exemplified by the fact that our most established paradigms such as the Theory of Gravity are still seen to be referred to as being theories. This aspect is seen to convey the idea that this existing knowledge might, and will most likely eventually be replaced by a deeper understanding. As we continue to try and burrow deeper in an attempt to gain an in-de pth understanding, we are able to constantly find a number of new patterns that serve to contradict the acceptable truth that we thought we knew pertaining to the system that we happen to be observing. While some of these new truths and details cause us to essentially fine tune our existing theories, they sometimes however force us to replace these old theories with a wholly new theory. Various historical discoveries are seen to constantly cause us to modify our currently acceptable human knowledge. Perhaps one of the illustrations that I find to be most interesting in the illustration of this aspect is the effect of the continuous discovery of new, and previously undiscovered human fossils. By the early years of the 20th century, the larger part of the world’s leading anatomists believed that the earliest humans evolved and developed somewhere in either Asia or in Europe. By this time, the fossil remains of the Neanderthal man had recently been discovered in Europe and there had also been some claims of the discovery of the fossil remains of the Java man in Indonesia as well as the Piltdown man remains in England. While these remains were seen to be quite primitive it was evident that they closely resembled modern human beings and it is this aspect that helped in lending credence to validity. However a fossil discovery in South Africa in 1924 was seen to critically challenge the acceptable knowledge and view of an Eurasian cradle for mankind. An Australian scientist working in Johannesburg received two boxes of rocks that

To Hang or Not to Hang Essay Example for Free

To Hang or Not to Hang Essay The debate and controversy surrounding the issue of death penalty has been revisited numerous times.   Bohm (1991) rightly concludes that â€Å"over the last decade and a half, few issues have received greater attention in criminology and criminal justice than the proper role of capital punishment in this society.†[1](p.4)   And like most social debates, the battle has been fought beyond the legislative halls and into the everyday grind of daily life.   Opinions are abundant as individuals passionately make the cases in support of or in opposition to the penalty of death.    And through the written word, this writer wishes to contribute to the debate. Thesis   It is this writer’s view that the death penalty should be abolished.   However, it must be clearly stated that this opinion is not primarily founded on the usual moral or religious reasons.   Rather, abolishment of the death penalty should be had as it is a waste of potentially productive human life and is contrary to the interests of the state.   This paper, in the latter sections, will also introduce an alternative model to death penalty that will reconcile the points-of-view of those in favor and those opposed to the penalty. In order to sufficiently discuss the arguments for the abolition, it is necessary that the movement, dubbed the ‘Abolitionist Movement’, be traced to its roots.   According to Schabas (1997), â€Å"the abolitionist movement finds its roots in the writings of European theorists Montesquieu, Voltaire and Bentham, and English Quakers John Bellers and John Howard. However, it was Cesare Beccarias 1767 essay, On Crimes and Punishment that had an especially strong impact throughout the world. In the essay, Beccaria theorized that there was no justification for the states taking of a life.†[2] (p.13)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Those in favor of abolishing the death penalty usually present a case founded on the following arguments that the death penalty (1) is a cruel, inhumane and degrading punishment, (2) does not serve as an effective deterrent to crime and (3) is morally reprehensible as only the Supreme Power has the right to take a human life, especially considering that the courts’ pronouncement of guilt may be subject to error.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first argument is reiterated by Amnesty International (AI), the leading international non-governmental Human Rights organization calling for the abolition.   According to AI, â€Å"[a]n execution, just like torture, involves a deliberate assault on a prisoner. Even so-called humane methods such as lethal injection can entail excruciating suffering.†[3]   In Why Abolish the Death Penalty? (2007), the same organization called on the United Nations to abolish the penalty by likening it to torture: â€Å"[l]ike torture, an execution constitutes an extreme physical and mental assault on a person already rendered helpless by government authorities.†[4] If tortuous acts are now found to be universally reprehensible, there is no logical argument why capital punishment could not be considered in the same light.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Secondly, the statistics with regard to the relationship between capital punishment and crime rates are contradictory and inconsistent.   Many factors affect criminality in the society: socio-economic conditions, poverty rates, levels of education etc.   By saying that the institution of capital punishment will ensure a crime-free society, or atleast lessen the incidences of criminality, is misleading and uncorroborated by statistical data.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thirdly, there is a question of morality involved in this debate. Does the state have the moral ascendancy to take away a person’s life?   There are obviously religious issues that are interlocked within this debate. However, even despite whatever religious arguments there may be, there is still the great issue of the court’s fallibility.   There have been many cases, well-documented at that, wherein a pronouncement of guilt has been overturned. How then could one ensure that we are not killing innocents? Upon closer examination, â€Å"the practice of the death penalty reveals that no criminal justice system is, or conceivably could be, capable of deciding fairly, consistently and infallibly†¦ criminal justice systems are vulnerable to discrimination and error. Expediency, discretionary decisions and prevailing public opinion may influence the proceedings.†[5] Anti-Thesis Those who support the continued application or the reinstitution of the death penalty use the issue of deterrence as their main argument.   It is the first and foremost duty of the state to protect its citizens from dangers to their persons and property.   The death penalty is one way of accomplishing this task. In Debating the Death Penalty: Should America Have Capital Punishment? The Experts on Both Sides Make Their Best Case (2004), Bedau writes that â€Å"[p]erhaps the most straightforward argument for the death penalty is that it saves innocent lives by preventing convicted murderers from killing again.†[6](187) This conclusion is rooted in the logic that for those of reasonable intelligence and unimpaired faculties, there is usually a thought-process (even if short-lived) that precedes the commission of an act; a thought process that weighs the pros, cons and possible consequences. In the above quoted work by Bedau, Professor James Q. Wilson explains that     Ã¢â‚¬Å"[p]eople are governed in their daily lives by rewards and penalties of every sort. We shop for bargain prices, praise our children for good behavior and scold them for bad, expect lower interest rates to stimulate home building and fear that higher ones will depress it, and conduct ourselves in public in ways that lead our friends and neighbors to form good opinions of us. To assert that ‘deterrence doesnt work’ is tantamount to either denying the plainest facts of everyday life or claiming that would-be criminals are utterly different from the rest of us.†[7] (189) â€Å"In order to understand the complex question of capital punishment as a deterrent,† writes Bedau in The Death Penalty in America: An Anthology (1964), â€Å"it is necessary to place it within the context of the nature and purposes of punishments in general. Punishments under law are usually framed with a two-fold purpose—retribution and prevention.†[8](258) A punishment serves to incapacitate the offender in order that he or she will no longer to able to commit more crimes.   This may be done relatively (through incarceration) or absolutely (through capital punishment).   â€Å"But by far the most common way to employ a punishment as a preventative of crime is to adopt a sufficiently severe penalty so as to compel general obedience out of fear of the consequences of disobedience—the classic doctrine of deterrence.†[9] (260) It must be noted that the State is not a gleeful party in this debate that revels with each death of a wayward citizen.   The death of a citizen is a tragic event; tragic but necessary with the view of safeguarding the rest of the unerring population.   Not only will it ensure that rapists and murderers will feel the full brunt of the law’s retribution, it will discourage others with similar deviant tendencies. Those who cry for abolition, twist Sacred Scripture to suit their needs.   An example of how misleading abolitionists’ arguments can be is reflected in this passage from Bedau (1964)[10]: Many who oppose capital punishment make a strong argument out of the Sixth Commandment: Thou shalt not kill ( Exod. 20:13). But they fail to note the commentary on that Commandment which follows: Whoever strikes a man so that he dies shall be put to death. If a man willfully attacks another to kill him treacherously, you shall take him from my altar that he may die ( Exod. 21:12,14). It is faulty exegesis to take a verse of Scripture out of its context and interpret it without regard to its qualifying words. (124)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Capital Punishment, therefore, is a necessary measure to ensure that the state has sufficient leverage against those who commit heinous crimes.   Its modern application is spared for those individuals who have insurmountable evidence against them.   Supporting the death penalty does not mean that there are some people who deserve to die.   Rather, it means that every individual in society deserve to have safe streets for themselves and for their children. Synthesis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Like the proponents for each faction in this debate, I too have a passionate argument for the abolition of capital punishment.   However, I oppose it not merely on the bases of the conventional arguments, outline in the first section.   Personally, I am not wholly convinced with the arguments and rationale of either side. To clarify my claim, I cannot in good conscience support capital punishment because it is a waste of a potentially productive human life.   Furthermore, on some level, I feel that death is not the ultimate retribution.   For heinous crimes like the rape of a minor or the murder of a child, as a citizen, I would expect nothing less than the full wrath of the law unto a person. If the death penalty were abolished from systems entirely, the remaining ‘heavy’ retributive method left for the state would be lifetime imprisonment without the possibility of parole.   This would, and is probably already, straining the resources of the states by having to build more prisons with money that could have otherwise gone into other areas of society that need rehabilitation: healthcare, education, etc. Therefore, I see another model as an alternative: Death Penalty should be the choice of the condemned person.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If the thought of death is unpalatable to the inmate, as it could understandably be, there should be a system of Death row livelihood put into place.   But instead of the inmates getting the revenues or even a portion of it, the money created should either be put back into the government system, using the funds to benefit causes like education that are definitely of more societal worth than expending money on killing these people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many non-threatening jobs that could be done by inmates from the safety of their own prison cells, like sorting mail or doing laundry.   This would create an entire labour force that supports itself.   Unlike slavery or involuntary servitude, these inmates have been found guilty of heinous crimes, none of which (ideally) would be of having the wrong skin-tone.   One of the main reasons for the existence of a penitentiary system is not merely to punish but also to rehabilitate those who have been found of being a danger to the rest of civilized society. How then does killing them or keeping them incarcerated accomplish that? We would be making more animals than saving human beings.   By putting them to work, it would not only make the abolitionists happy but also the coffers of the state would get healthier. And more importantly, it cannot be involuntary servitude should the inmate opt to work instead of being injected with a deadly cocktail, or being electrocuted, hung or shot by a firing squad.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Surely after years of human evolution, we can find a better, more intelligent way of punishing those that dare to wreak havoc and endanger the rest of civil society. Reference Page Amnesty International.   Death Penalty. Retrieved from www.amnesty.org on 22 July, 2008 Amnesty International. Why Abolish the Death Penalty (2007). Retrieved from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www.amnesty.org on 22 July, 2008 Bedau, A. (2004). Debating the Death Penalty: Should America Have Capital Punishment? The Experts on Both Sides Make Their Best Case. Oxford University Press. New York. Bedau, A. (1964) The Death Penalty in America: An Anthology. Aldine Publishing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chicago. Bohm, R. ed. (1991) The Death Penalty in America: Current Research. Anderson   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Publishing Co. Schabas, W. (1997). The Abolition of the Death Penalty in International Law. Cambridge University Press, second edition    [1] Bohm, R. ed. (1991) The Death Penalty in America: Current Research. Anderson Publishing Co. [2] Schabas, W. (1997). The Abolition of the Death Penalty in International Law. Cambridge University Press, second edition [3] Amnesty International.   Death Penalty. Retrieved from www.amnesty.org on 22 July, 2008 [4] Amnesty International. Why Abolish the Death Penalty (2007). Retrieved from www.amnesty.org on 22 July, 2008 [5] ibid. [6] Bedau, A. (2004). Debating the Death Penalty: Should America Have Capital Punishment? The Experts on Both Sides Make Their Best Case. Oxford University Press. New York. [7] Ibid. [8] Bedau, A. (1964) The Death Penalty in America: An Anthology. Aldine Publishing. Chicago. [9] Ibid. [10] Ibid.

Kurt Cobain’s Shocking Suicide :: essays research papers

Kurt Cobain’s Shocking Suicide Kurt Cobain was citied in the Seattle area with a shotgun. Days later on the fifth of April, Kurt Cobain went into the small room above his garage in his Seattle home and ended it all. Fans across the world were stunned by the news of Kurt Cobain’s sudden and shocking suicide. Kurt was the leader of the multiplatinum grunge band Nirvana, and was widely hailed as the â€Å" John Lennon of his generation.† He was a gifted song writer and erratic performer. However, Cobain's name was presented at times with disillusionment and unhappiness. Kurt had spoken, written lyrics, and even sung in his songs about suicide. Yet, one question could almost be echoed around the world – Why?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cobain' s fans struggled with the huge loss of their â€Å" poet of pain.† It was as though they had lost a close friend. They felt that Kurt was an artist who could read their minds, knew their problems, and spoke their language. No one seemed to understand why at the height of his popularity a twenty-seven year old rock sat would put a twenty-two gauge shotgun in his mouth and pull the trigger.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The media attacked the incident. Every type of media from MTV to the entire local Newspapers spoke something of Kurt Cobain’s suicide. Some blamed the suicide on his unhappy childhood and how he was a Ritalin child. While others blamed it on his drug addiction that he had spent all of his young life trying to relieve himself from. But why the reasoning for the unpredictable suicide, Cobain left behind millions of fans asking why he’s gone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why? Most people who commit suicide do so for personal reasons, such as despair, fears of the future, fears of failure or of not being loved. Society plays a huge part in a lot of suicides. As society becomes more complex a person’s stress level rises which follows loneliness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Following the initial shock came the inevitable soul searching for those closets to him- what more should or could we have done? Cobain left behind a fairly new family. He had recently married Courtney Love, the leader of the grunge band Hole, in 1992. Later in 1993 they conceived a baby girl together, Frances Bean which was about two years old at the time of Kurt’s death. Some say that Courtney did not grieve but there is no way possible that she didn’t, because of the fact that they reached stardom together as Kurt Cobain’s Shocking Suicide :: essays research papers Kurt Cobain’s Shocking Suicide Kurt Cobain was citied in the Seattle area with a shotgun. Days later on the fifth of April, Kurt Cobain went into the small room above his garage in his Seattle home and ended it all. Fans across the world were stunned by the news of Kurt Cobain’s sudden and shocking suicide. Kurt was the leader of the multiplatinum grunge band Nirvana, and was widely hailed as the â€Å" John Lennon of his generation.† He was a gifted song writer and erratic performer. However, Cobain's name was presented at times with disillusionment and unhappiness. Kurt had spoken, written lyrics, and even sung in his songs about suicide. Yet, one question could almost be echoed around the world – Why?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cobain' s fans struggled with the huge loss of their â€Å" poet of pain.† It was as though they had lost a close friend. They felt that Kurt was an artist who could read their minds, knew their problems, and spoke their language. No one seemed to understand why at the height of his popularity a twenty-seven year old rock sat would put a twenty-two gauge shotgun in his mouth and pull the trigger.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The media attacked the incident. Every type of media from MTV to the entire local Newspapers spoke something of Kurt Cobain’s suicide. Some blamed the suicide on his unhappy childhood and how he was a Ritalin child. While others blamed it on his drug addiction that he had spent all of his young life trying to relieve himself from. But why the reasoning for the unpredictable suicide, Cobain left behind millions of fans asking why he’s gone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why? Most people who commit suicide do so for personal reasons, such as despair, fears of the future, fears of failure or of not being loved. Society plays a huge part in a lot of suicides. As society becomes more complex a person’s stress level rises which follows loneliness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Following the initial shock came the inevitable soul searching for those closets to him- what more should or could we have done? Cobain left behind a fairly new family. He had recently married Courtney Love, the leader of the grunge band Hole, in 1992. Later in 1993 they conceived a baby girl together, Frances Bean which was about two years old at the time of Kurt’s death. Some say that Courtney did not grieve but there is no way possible that she didn’t, because of the fact that they reached stardom together as

Literary Analysis of American Literature Essay

As Elinor Ostrom explains, â€Å"To a great degree, his stories speak for those who are disenfranchised, cheated, abused, or ignored because of race or class. † Hughes’s stories speak of the downtrodden African-Americans neglected and overlooked by a prejudiced society. The recurring theme of powerlessness is exemplified in his narration â€Å"Let America Be America again†, â€Å"Harlem† and â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers†. Hughes uses rhyme to draw attention to the poetic element of his narration â€Å"Let America Be America Again†. Words such as â€Å"be† and â€Å"free†, â€Å"dreamed and â€Å"schemed†, â€Å"wreathe† and â€Å"breathe† etc. all demonstrate rhyming. The central theme is that the author feels left out of the American Dream. Hughes is writing a poem of someone who feels that America is a land that lives up to begin to add up to that. The tone is angry and resentful. In this poem he is not representing the point of view of one particular group. Hughes conveys that there are many people who’ve come here with hopes and dreams and they’re being let down. He’s also saying that there is an economic disparity between people. In essence the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer, because there is no equal opportunity. That idea is something that is not real for many people because of their race, economic situation, and come up. The reader is immediately introduced to the fact that the author does not believe that America is all it can be due to the fact that the word again is used. He wants America to be â€Å"the dream it used to be. † But the powerful line is #5 which reads â€Å"America was never America. † This enhances what many people feel, that Americas ideals of equality, liberty, and land of the free don’t seem real. In a sense there is a positive tone because there is a hope that America can be a â€Å"great strong land of love,† O, let my land be a land where liberty Is crowned with no false patriotic wreath, But opportunity is real, and life is free, Equality is in the air we breathe. Liberty, which is another word for freedom is important in the dream America holds so preciously. The central message here is one of greed. Money is at the center of what America has become. Hughes feels that â€Å"power, gain† and owning property is the focus. It’s all about money. He says in line #32 to what America has become in his views. â€Å"Of owning everything for one’s own greed! † At the later stage of the poem, Hughes is coming back and saying sarcastically that he wouldn’t say there is freedom. He is speaking for the â€Å"millions† of people who have been struggling, hoping, working, flying flags, â€Å"who have nothing† except for dreams that are â€Å"almost dead. † â€Å"Harlem† by Langston Hughes is a poem that talks about what happens when we postpone our dreams. The poem is made up of a series of similes and it ends with a metaphor. The objective of the poem is to get us to think about what happens to a dream that is put off, postponed; what happens when we create our very own shelve of dreams? The â€Å"dream† refers to a goal in life, not the dreams we have while sleeping, but our deepest desires. There are many ways to understand this poem; it varies from person to person. Someone like me may see this poem as talking about just dreams in general. Others may see it as African-American’s dreams. Although the meter of â€Å"Harlem† varies, the poem has a rhythmic, lyrical quality achieved through alliteration, rhyme, repetition of certain words, and carefully placed stressed syllables. People need to think twice before deferring their dreams. Langston Hughes says it best in his poem Harlem asking the question. What happens to a dream deferred Langston Hughes describes the outcome of the question as an altogether bad idea, saying that deferring your dream is â€Å"fester like a sore† or â€Å"it stinks like rotten meat†. By using imagery, he wants the reader to know what it is like to defer a dream and how bad it is. The first image in the poem proposes that the dream dries up like a raisin. This simile likens the original dream to a grape, which is round, juicy, green and fresh. Once the dream has lain neglected for too long, it dries up. Where the raisin image invokes the senses of taste and sight, the simile of the sore conveys a sense of touch and bodily impact. By comparing the dream to a sore on the body, Hughes suggests that unfulfilled dreams become part of us, like scars. In Langston Hughes’ poem â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers,† Hughes makes use of some interesting poetic techniques. This poem is written in free verse, at first glance, seems to be unstructured. Hughes repeats words and lines, but does not make use of repeated sounds. Finally, some of his word choices near the end of the poem help to bring the message of the poem across more strongly. These poetic techniques contribute greatly to the quality of the poem. The textual details of the poem invoke strong imagery related to veins, rivers, and the roots of trees and give the reader a sense of the timelessness of these objects. In the short first stanza, the speaker in the poem by Langston Hughes states that he has â€Å"known rivers ancient as the world and older than the flow of human blood in human veins. † From this early point in the point in the poem, images of the canals of veins that run throughout the human body as well as similar images of rivers that wind around and are shaped like veins form our understanding that this poem is about more than blood or water, it is about roots and circuits. He has a very deep meaning about how people feel by debating that his soul is so much stubborn now at this point that no external source could change it. Hughes’ poems illustrate many of the problems that African Americans faced during the depression era, ranging from prejudice and discrete racism to a general air of hopelessness and despair. His poetry basically develops the idea of celebrating and idealizing the Negro life in America. He is not much like the other poets who just uses a single voice/entity, instead has a tendency to express the visualizations through a number of voices making it more realistic. His expression consists of renunciation and feelings of personal cruelty.

Effects of Technology on Social Groups Essay

The emergence of technology has brought about different social effects. Some have lost while others have gained from the technology. A great part of technology involves working with machines and this has resulted into less human labor and most of the people have been rendered jobless by the machines. This is a negative effect on the social group that was working together since some have to be laid off to give way for the machines. Some people have become wealthier while others have become poor and this has created a gap between the two groups. This has changed the expectations of many people in the social environment (Langdon, 1986). For those who have studied how to work with the machines they are enjoying and getting closer to their social groups. People can easy work from home and this has made working easier. Social groups can work together on the internet and they can even share a network. Most of the technology lies in the computer and through the computer; people can easily talk with all their friends in the social websites. People also find spouses and lost friends on the internet and this is a merit of technology since people keep in touch even when they are far from each other (English-Lueck 1998). In social groups like families, technology has led to breakups of close family ties sine the family members can communicate by sending an email and chatting. They feel that they are close to their relatives even when they are in distant places hence they do not bother to travel home. This has made most of the parents to lose control over their children. This is a way in which technology has created freedom for the young generation (Ruth. 1989). References 1. Ruth Schwartz Cohen, (1989), More work for mother; The Ironies of Household Technology from the open hearth to the Microwave, London, Free Association Books 2. Langdon Winner, (1986), The Whale and the Reactor; A Search for Limits in an Age of High Technology, Chicago, University of Chicago press 3. J. A. English-Lueck, (1998), Technology and Social Change; The effects of family and community retrieved October 31, 2008 from website; http://www. sjsu. edu/depts/anthropology/svcp/SVCPcosa. html

Blue Bells essays

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Birthright Citizenship in the United States

Birthright Citizenship in the United States Birthright citizenship in the United States is the legal principle that any person born on U.S. soil automatically and immediately becomes a U.S. citizen. It contrasts with U.S. citizenship obtained through naturalization or acquisition- citizenship granted by virtue of being born abroad to at least one U.S. citizen parent. A â€Å"birthright† is defined as any right or privilege to which a person is entitled by virtue of birth. Long challenged in both the courts of law and public opinion, the policy of birthright citizenship remains highly controversial today, particularly when applied to children born to undocumented immigrant parents. Key Takeaways: Birthright Citizenship Birthright citizenship is the legal principle that any person born on U.S. soil automatically becomes a citizen of the United States.Birthright citizenship was established in1868 by the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and confirmed by the US Supreme Court in the 1898 case of United States v. Wong Kim Ark.Birthright citizenship is granted to persons born in the 50 U.S. states and the U.S. territories of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.Today, birthright citizenship is a highly controversial issue as it applies to children born to parents who have entered the United States illegally. Jus Soli and Jus Sanguinis Citizenship Birthright citizenship is based on the principle of â€Å"jus soli,† a Latin term meaning â€Å"right of the soil.† According to jus soli, a person’s citizenship is determined by their place of birth. As in the United States, jus soli is the most common means by which citizenship is acquired. Jus Soli is in contrast to â€Å"jus sanguinis,† meaning â€Å"right of the blood,† the principle that a person’s citizenship is determined or acquired by the nationality of one or both parents. In the United States, citizenship can be acquired by either jus soli, or less commonly, by jus sanguinis.   Legal Basis of US Birthright Citizenship In the United States, the policy of birthright citizenship is based in the Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, stating â€Å"[a]ll persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.† Ratified in 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment was enacted to override the 1857 U.S. Supreme Court’s Dred Scott v. Sandford decision which had denied citizenship to former African American slaves. In the 1898 case of United States v. Wong Kim Ark, the U.S. Supreme Court confirmed that under the Fourteenth Amendment, full U.S. citizenship cannot be denied to any person born within the United States, regardless of the citizenship status of the parents at the time. Under the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, birthright citizenship is similarly granted to any person born in the United States to a member of an Indian, Eskimo, Aleutian, or other aboriginal tribe. Under the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, U.S. jus soli birthright citizenship, as established by the Fourteenth Amendment, is automatically granted to any person born within any of the 50 states and the territories of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. In addition, jus sanguinis birthright citizenship is granted (with some exceptions) to persons born to U.S. citizens while in other countries.   The above statutes and subsequent legislative amendments are compiled and codified into the United States Code of Federal Laws at 8 U.S.C.  § 1401 to define who becomes a United States citizen at birth. According to federal law, the following persons shall be deemed U.S. citizens at birth: A person born in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof.A person born in the United States to a member of an Indian, Eskimo, Aleutian, or other aboriginal tribe.A person born in an outlying possession of the United States of parents one of whom is a citizen of the United States who has been physically present in the United States or one of its outlying possessions for a continuous period of one year at any time prior to the birth of such person.A person of unknown parentage found in the United States while under the age of five years, until shown, prior to his attaining the age of twenty-one years, not to have been born in the United States. The Birthright Citizenship Debate While the legal concept of birthright citizenship has withstood years of challenges in the courts of law, its policy of automatically granting U.S. citizenship to children of undocumented immigrants has not fared as well in the court of public opinion. For example, a 2015 Pew Research Center survey found that 53% of Republicans, 23% of Democrats, and 42% of Americans overall favor changing the Constitution to bar citizenship for children born in the U.S. to undocumented immigrant parents. Many opponents of birthright citizenship argue that it encourages expectant parents to come to the U.S. simply to give birth in order to improve their own chances of attaining legal resident (green card) status- a practice often called â€Å"birth tourism.† According to a Pew Hispanic Center analysis of Census Bureau data, an estimated 340,000 of the 4.3 million babies born in the United States in 2008 were born to â€Å"unauthorized immigrants.† The Pew study further estimates that a total of about four million American-born children of unauthorized immigrant parents lived in the U.S. in 2009, along with about 1.1 million foreign-born children of unauthorized immigrant parents. Controversially calling it the â€Å"anchor baby† situation, some lawmakers have suggested legislation to change how and when birthright citizenship is granted. The 2015 Pew analysis found that birthright citizenship was granted to about 275,000 babies born to undocumented immigrant parents in 2014, or about 7% of all births in the U.S. that year. That number represents a drop from the peak year of illegal immigration in 2006 when about 370,000 children- about 9% of all births- were born to undocumented immigrants. In addition, about 90% of undocumented immigrants who give birth in the U.S. have resided in the country for more than two years before giving birth. On October 30, 2018, President Donald Trump escalated the debate by stating that he intended to issue an executive order completely removing the right of citizenship to people born in the U.S. to foreign nationals under any circumstances- an act some argue would essentially repeal the Fourteenth Amendment. The president set no timeline for his proposed order, so birthright citizenship- as established by the Fourteenth Amendment and United States v. Wong Kim Ark- remains the law of the land. Other Countries With Birthright Citizenship According to the independent, non-partisan Center for Immigration Studies, the United States along with Canada and 37 other countries, most of which are in the Western Hemisphere, offer largely unrestricted jus soli birthright citizenship. No Western Europe countries offer unrestricted birthright citizenship to all children born within their borders. Over the last decade, many countries, including France, New Zealand, and Australia, have abandoned birthright citizenship. In 2005, Ireland became the last country in the European Union to abolish birthright citizenship. Sources and Further Reference Arthur, Andrew R. (November 5, 2018). Birthright Citizenship: An Overview. Center for Immigration Studies.Smith, Rogers M. (2009). Birthright Citizenship and the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 and 2008. University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law.Lee, Margaret (May 12, 2006). U.S. Citizenship of Persons Born in the United States to Alien Parents. Congressional Research Service.Da Silva, Chantal. (October 30, 2018). Trump Says He Plans to Sign Executive Order to Terminate Birthright Citizenship. CNN.

Conspiracy Theory in Show Community Movie Review

Conspiracy Theory in Show Community - Movie Review Example The show tackles conspiracy thrillers in a manner that creates humor and draws laughs as Troy and Abed constructs the world’s largest blanket fort (TV.com n.p). The ‘chase’ entering the Blanket city mimics similar sequences as in any other thriller and is very inspiring. The conspiracy storyline starts out in a funny style and incorporates some levels of deception. The bond between the characters makes the show successful especially the reaction of Annie towards Jeff after he hurts her. Annie acts as if their kiss never happened, when Jeff comes back to school for the fall. The series may turn on the chemistry between any two pairs of the actors especially Jeff and Britta, who had some fun chemistry. The show highlights the idea that anyone on the show can be in a romantic relationship with anybody as depicted in the community. The ending of the episode is quite emotional and helps to keep the craziness in the show from extending too far. The structural insanity o f the storyline about conspiracy comes to a logical conclusion through the expression of emotions. The rest of the episode shows the weird wonderland Troy and Abed live through the conspiracy story. Another funny part is the idea that Greendale is infiltrated by the shadowed night school especially when Annie and Jeff find a fake classes' list. The episode eschews the four members on the scene entirely in which Shirley, Pierce, and Britta are present when the scene on study group opens though they disappear.

The comparison of the U.S. justice system Against Iran's justice Research Paper

The comparison of the U.S. justice system Against Iran's justice system criminal and civil law - Research Paper Example The Islamic nation may pronounce a death sentence to a criminal that the court has found guilty of a crime punishable by execution. While several reasons that attest that American justice system is different from justice system in Iran, evidence show that justice system of these nations support execution of criminals. This essay compares of various aspect of criminal justice system applied in the United States and Iran. United States of America uses criminal laws for specific states to prosecute criminals or people who face trials on those states (Walker, 2011) while Iran uses it criminal laws defined by laws found in Islamic doctrines to prosecute criminals (Dehghan, 2011). The difference in this criminal justice system is the manner of execution of the laws. For instance, a trial conducted in Iran and United States would rely on evidenced adduced during trial but the sentence will differ according to the preferred sentence indicated in their criminal justice system. For instance, the trial of Iranian Movahedi who threw acid on the face of Ameneh Bahrami got an eye for the same sentence when Ameneh asked the court to apply Islamic law in executing its judgment against the person who assaulted her (Dehghan, 2011). The court granted her request and Movehedi faced the acid splash in his face to pay for the evils that he did. In contrast to the American system of criminal justice, Troy Davis a crimina l who murdered a police officer got a death sentence after twenty-two years after his arrest (Walker, 2011). The trial has attracted criticism from people who felt that Jurors made a mistake by not preferring hearing of the case afresh after lawyers of the Troy produced new submission refuting earlier sentence. The penalty awarded by the criminal justice system of United States contrast the penalty awarded by criminal justice system of Iran. The American constitution, which contains the bill of rights,

Airline Deregulation as it relates to Competion and Unions Essay

Airline Deregulation as it relates to Competion and Unions - Essay Example The airline deregulation provides significant benefits to an average traveler. This Act removed many of the airline restrictions and thus totally altered the concept of civil aviation in the US. Subsequent to the integration of jets into the market, the air travel industry experienced incredible growth rate. As a result of steady increase in air travel, the federal regulators were forced to deregulate the industry to meet the increasing needs of the air travelers. The airline deregulation process augmented market competition once the marketers got the freedom to determine their own prices. It also persuaded the airline providers to enter in price competition in order to dominate the air travel market. Reports point out the notable effects of deregulation; â€Å"the inflation adjusted 1982 constant dollar yield for airlines has fallen from 12.3 cents in 1978 to 7.9 cents in 1997. This means that airline ticket prices are almost 40% lower today than they were in 1978 when the airlines were deregulated† (Thierer, 1998). Since this trend offered fruitful economic benefits to passengers, the passenger miles flown tremendously grew. For instance, in 2005, there were 750 million passenger miles whereas this figure was only 250 million in 1978. The magnitude of market competition was more in Europe as compared to US.

The International Globalization Vs Local Brands Fashion Essay

The International Globalization Vs Local Brands Fashion Essay Introduction: Globalization is an inevitable phenomenon that is leading the entire world towards becoming one market, a global village. With the world becoming a single market, globalization has had a major contribution in enabling the organizations worldwide to step out of the restricted domestic markets and to set up their operations across the globe with confidence. This has largely led to a decline in the importance in national borders and a greater emphasis on what the consumers actually demand; be the consumers located in the very country in which the organization exists or an entirely different part of the world. Globalization has had a huge impact on the branding strategies of international companies. Since the early 1990s many multinational companies, such as Unilever have moved from a multi domestic to a global marketing approach including global branding strategies (Schuiling and Kapferer 2004). Increased consumer knowledge and awareness have played an important role towards this globalization of markets and escalating the power of global brands such as Pepsi, Apple etc. As the competition in global arena increase, organizations find it important to serve international consumers along with local ones to achieve competitive advantage. However for some products and services the tastes and preferences of consumers in different nations are beginning to converge on some global norm (Holt 2002). From a consumer perspective, however, reactions to the prevalence of global brands seem to vary among the different customers. On the one hand, consumers seem to value and admire global brands and regard such brands as a status symbol. On the other hand, global brands are often criticized for threatening the local differences and leading to a loss of cultural identity. Since the trend of consumption by our people is changing, people are becoming more prone to buying the international brands rather than the local ones. Consumers feel proud in purchasing imported goods and this has increased the power of international brands. Apart from just focusing on where the product has actually been produced, consumers consider various other factors when making purchasing decisions. It has been noted that consumers are reluctant to buy goods made in less developed countries as they perceive them to be low in quality. Brands have also been perceived as being a status symbol and this thinking is most common in young people. Literature review There have been a number of researches done on brands. A definition of a brand by The American Marketing Association (AMA) in the 1960s (Keller, 1998) is â€Å"a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of them, intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and differentiate them from those of competitors.† Research has proven that consumers use brands to help them make decisions about the product they choose (Ger et al., 1993). De Chernatony and McWilliam (1989) stated that successful brands, be it domestic or international, will have some unique proposition that is satisfying consumer needs. Powerful branding will also have a positive impact on consumer franchises. As Kolter et al. (2002) suggests that powerful brands command a strong brand loyalty from their consumers where these consumers perform in a repeated buying and ignore alternative brands that may be at lower prices. Recent researches suggests that influences on foreign product evaluations may be considerably complex, resulting from an interaction of various different factors such as ethnocentrism, price, perceived quality, country of origin, status, fashion consciousness, advertising campaigns etc. Ethnocentrism Research by Kinra (2006) states that ethnocentrism, which is a psychological construct which a makes a product more favorable in the minds of the consumers simply because bit is made in their own country. Ethnocentrism is when consumers think their culture to be superior to other cultures (Summer, (1906:13). Highly ethnocentric individuals tend to accept things culturally similar and reject things culturally dissimilar (Crawford and Lamb, 1981; Heslop et al., 1998; Wang and Lamb, 1983). In a study conducted by Lantz and Loeb (1996) which focused on the relationship between consumer ethnocentrism and imported/international products, also found out that consumers who are highly ethnocentrism have more positive attitudes toward products from countries with similar cultures. Highly Ethnocentric consumers believe that purchasing local brands promotes patriotism and they accuse foreign brands of being a potential threat to countrys economy and employment level. They also prefer local brands because of their better understanding of local needs. Quality Quality is a trait which is very hard to define, because it is a very subjective term. Perceived quality is the perception of a consumer about a products excellence. Research proves that most consumers perceive international brands to be of higher quality and greater prestige.(e.g., Nguyen, Barrett and Miller 2005; Steenkamp, Batra and Alden 2003). If a brand is perceived as globally available, consumers are likely to attribute a superior quality to the brand, since its international acceptance is seen as a sign of its high quality. (Han 1989) According to Iglesias and Guillen (2004), consumers pass five phases of purchase process and the first phase is that the consumer perceives the product with the consideration of its availability, quality, price and the marketing activities. The consumers will make a comparison between brands to other alternatives and then make a decision. This will then either leads to the action of purchase or not to purchase that certain product from a certain brand. Country of origin he country of origin will also have a deep impact on the consumer preferences. The country of origin effect has been defined as influences, be it positive or negative, that a products country of manufacture may have on consumers decision (Elliott and Cameron, 1994). It is related to different stereotypes which are attached to a countrys product by consumers. Majority of the studies have supported a strong direct relationship between the â€Å"made -in† label and perceived quality of the product.. The findings indicate that consumers hold stereotyped images of certain countries and that these images affect their perceptions about the country. These stereotypes vary from country to country. Products from developed and highly industrialized countries are evaluated more positively than products from developing countries. Moreover, attitudes and perceptions of consumers toward brands and products will depend on categories, for instance, electronic goods from Italy may be perceived as a poor quality but Italian clothing would be perceive as fashionable and high quality (Bikey and Nes, 1982). This would be differently perceived with Japanese brands as Japanese electronic goods would be perceive with positive attitudes and Japanese clothing will be negatively perceived. Price Price is considered one of the most important factors affecting the consumer perceptions of a brand or product (Hansen, 2005). Researchers found out that once consumers perceive a price difference between local-owned and foreign-owned brands, price dissimilarities begin to affect their preference for local-owned brands. Therefore it is imperative that we test the impact of price against consumers ethnocentric tendencies to determine at what point price becomes more important to consumers than all the other factors mentioned. Consumers need a reference price as a cue for evaluating the price of an observed product/service. There are two forms of reference price an internal one that resides in consumers memory (e.g. past purchase) and an external one that is formed during the purchasing process (e.g. price comparison between brands while shopping) (Mazumdar and Papatla, 2000). If consumers perceive the local-owned brand as more expensive than the foreign-owned brand, but its quality i s similar to the foreign-owned brand, they should prefer the local-owned brand less because they perceive a higher loss with the local-owned brand. In other words, the price difference between local-owned and foreign-owned brands acts as a moderator between perception of brand ownership and purchase intention of local-owned brands Social status Authors have stressed that consumers may prefer global brands because of associations of higher prestige or because the ‘elite class use it (Schuiling Kapferer, 2004; Steenkamp, et. al., 2003). Global brands may have a higher prestige than local brands due to their relative scarcity and higher price. Critical review of the key literature In todays world, consumers are faced with an overwhelming amount of brands available for the same product category. More than hundreds brands, both local and international, may be available for products like clothes, automobiles etc. When consumers are making their purchase decisions, they may evaluate brands on different factors such as variables like price, quality, and country of origin, ethnocentrism, and social status. Price and quality are sometimes perceived to be correlated. A high-priced product may be perceived of being high in quality and this may be because of such image created by manufactures through advertising. Similarly, a global brand may perceive to be of superior quality as quality is believed to be a prerequisite for international acceptance. Consumers today are increasingly aware of products made in both developed and developing economies. Goods from third world countries may perceive to be of lower quality standard. Consumer perceptions and opinions may also depend on the product category for e.g. Italian clothing is generally perceived to be more fashionable (Bikey and Nes, 1982), while automobiles produced in country like USA may be perceived as of better quality than an Indian manufactured automobile. However, sometimes consumers believe that local organizations have a competitive edge over the foreign competitors as they have a better understanding of what consumer wants which are shaped by their cultures. While other patriotic consumers believe that buying foreign brands may hinder the growth of their local organizations. Brands like Apple, Sony, Pepsi have empowered consumers and these brands are capable of evoking associations and feeling to an extent that they have now become an important part of our lives. Due to increasing peer pressure, these foreign brands have now become a necessity for every young person. Wearing Nike shoes may be considered as fashionable and trendy in universities. So the need to be accepted by a particular social group may compel young people to buy international brands even when local brands are available at the same price. Research Question Q) Why do consumers prefer international brands to local ones? Independent variable: Price Quality Country of origin Consumer ethnocentrism Social status Dependent variable: Consumer preferences Research methodology This study is a descriptive study and more of a qualitative nature and was conducted to identify and evaluate all the factors considered by consumers that make international brands more favorable to them. The sample for this research included the 200 consumers whose ages ranged from 16-24 years. Convenience sampling was used for this study. Questionnaires were used to collect primary data. The questionnaire comprised of closed ended questions and Likert scale is used in most of them. We classified our population according to gender. Frequency distribution and bar charts have been used to evaluate the results. In addition to this, the means of different factors that influence consumers preferences of the local and global brands were used to determine which factors are considered the most by consumers when purchasing different brands. Limitations As the data was gathered through convenience sampling, the results cannot be generalized. There is also a possibility that the respondents might answer the questions dishonestly or half-heartedly, leading to biased findings. Apart from these limitations of our study, the fact that the data was only collected through questionnaires provided us with the frequencies as to how many people would purchase the global or the domestic brand and what factors are rated as the most important by these people, but the reasons behind their buying patterns and preferences remain unknown because these people were not further interviewed. Findings and Discussion Question 1 Do you use international brands products? According to the data collected, 72.5% of the people used international brands of which 60 were male and 85 were females. 18.5% of the people questioned claimed to use international brands occasionally, whereas, 9.1% of the people claimed not to use global brands at all. As indicated in the pie charts above, 18.5% of the people who used the global brands sometimes included 28 males and 9 females, and those who did not use the global brands consisted of 12 males and 6 females. Question 2 If the price of a foreign brand and local one is the same, which brand would you prefer? The purpose of this question was to evaluate and discover how important a factor such as price is in determining whether the consumers would go for the domestic brand or stick to the global one if both the products were in the same price range. The results found out that 76% of the consumers would go for the international brands whereas 24% would still purchase the domestic ones. Question 3 How important is the country of origin, of the product, to you? This question was asked to discover how much importance the youth lay on the country of origin as a factor when making a purchase. The results revealed far different results compared to what had been stated by the review of previous researches done. As indicated in the graph, the youth was found to be mailnly ignorant of the country in which the brand was manufactured. Majority of the consumers (76% males and 88% females) did not consider it as significant a factor as to affect his or her purchase decision. Question 4 Do you consider the quality of the product when purchasing a good? A good quality product indicates durability, reliability as well as good appearance and featuresThe review of the existing literature suggested that quality of the product and its price were rated by consumers as the most significant factor in purchasing decisions. This was supported by our empirical findings that showed that 87.5% people on average considered the quality of the brand above all the factors. This included 83 males and 92 females. The rest of the people, according to our research findings, did not place that much emphasis on the quality of the product alone. Question 5 Do you think that the purchasing patterns depict the social status of a person? Question 6 It is said that people buy international products so that they can be accepted in a particular social group. Do you agree? The results to these two questions confirmed the general perception that exists in our society, that is, the global are purchased as a status symbol. The youth mainly bought foreign branded products to be able to fit in a particular social group. This occurs largely because peer pressure tends to be high at this age, and most of the people find themselves being victims of inferiority complexes. The results to the first of these questions indicated that on average 75% of the youth (71 males and 79 females) purchased the international and local brands as a status symbol. These results were further enhanced by the results to the next question, which showed that 72% of the males and 68% of the females did, infact, believe that the people purchased the international brands to be able to fit in a particular social group. Question 7 Do you consider current fashions and trends while purchasing a good? Owing to education and information disseminated through the media, consumers in our soceity are becoming increasingly aware of the current fashions and trends prevalent even in other parts of the world. Following the current fashions and trends have become a norm in our society. Consumers now make their purchases according to the ongoing fashions,and this assumption has been supported by our findings, which shows that 92% of the females and 85% of the males considered fashion and trends when making a purchase. There was not a single female in our sample who did not pay attention to the trends and styles when going for a purchase. Moreover, these results also indicate that females are more fashion conscious than their male counterparts. Question 8 Do you think buying international brands affect unemployment in our country? The purpose of this question was to take the point of view of consumers as to whether the existence of foreign brands affect unemployement rate in our country. The results revealed that on average 80.5% of the consumers believed that the businesses are affected by the international brands and that unemployment increases as a result. This figure included 88 males and 73 females. However 10.5% of the people, on average, believed that this case only occurs sometimes, whereas 9% of the people did not believe that unemployment is related to the existence of foreign brands. Question 09 If an international brand is not easily available, would you go for the domestic brand? As the above graph indicates, the answers to this question represent differences in the opinions of the males and the females as to their willingness in substituting the domestic brand with an international brand in the case of non- availability of the international brand. The results revealed that whereas 57% of the males respondents claimed that they would go for the domestic brand if the global brand is not accessible, 78% of the females claimed not to compromise and do with the domestic brand, even if the international brand of their choice is not available. This may be indicative of the level of brand loyalty that females possess. In addition to this, only 16% of the respondents, on average, claimed that they would sometimes opt for the domestic brand in the case that the international brand is not accessible to them. Mean number of people ( in percentages) Yes Sometimes No Price of the product 76% 16.5% 7.5% Country of origin 4.5% 13.5% 82% Quality of the product 87.5% 7.5% 5% Status symbol 75% 15.5% 9.5% Current fashion and trends 85% 10% 5% Ethnocentrism 60% 20.5% 19.5% The table above compares the means of the different factors considered by consumers when selecting global brands over the local ones. Conclusion After researching on the preferences of consumers for the global and foreign brands, and finding out what factors are considered the most important by consumers when making their choices, it has been concluded that consumers do purchase the global brands and give preference to them. Consumers gain increased knowledge about international products by television. Our findings show that quality was the foremost factor that affected consumers decision about a product, with fashion and trends being second and price was rated the third most important factor in influencing consumer choice. Moreover, a foreign brand is usually regarded as a symbol of prestige and social status and as a means of being accepted in a particular group. Because of this extreme peer pressure at this age, the youth often views the use of such a foreign brand as a necessity rather than a want. Because of this extreme peer pressure at this age, the youth often views the use of such a foreign brand as a necessity rathe r than a want. Consumers were also hardly aware of how global brands affect the local economy and country of origin, as a factor in influencing consumers choice of the brand was hardly a significant factor. However, in spite of the fact that for some products the local brands are now available in the relevant price range, and quite well meet the quality standards too, nevertheless the consumers of our country find some sort of inner satisfaction in spending money on the global brands. For reasons termed brand loyalty, and even for the reason of social status, our locals continue to regard and look up to the foreign branded products.